Sleep disorders, anxiety and obesity associated with untreated dental caries in children eight to ten years of age.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of sleep disorders, obesity and anxiety associated with cavitated carious lesions in children aged 8 to 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Northeast of Brazil. The sample was comprised of 793 schoolchildren randomly selected from public and private schools. Calibrated examiners (Kappa >0.80) performed the clinical examination of dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System and applied the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children questionnaires. The anthropometric variables evaluated were weight and height. Negative binomial regressions (α ≤ 0.05) were performed. A Directed Acyclic Graph was prepared using DAGitty software (version 3.0), to select the co-variables for the statistical fits. RESULTS: The prevalence of tooth decay was 52.8%. The mean number of tooth surfaces with cavitated caries was 2.2(2.8), 58.9% of the schoolchildren had some type of sleep disorder, while 20.2% were anxious and 29.1% were obese. Sleep disturbance (RR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.05-1.83), general anxiety (RR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.32-2.21), obesity (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17-1.86) were associated with dental caries in the final model. CONCLUSION: The presence of carious lesions was higher in children with sleep disorders, anxiety, obesity, and those who experienced dry mouth.

Usefulness, Reliability, Quality, and Content of Portuguese Language YouTube Videos on COVID-19

Abstract Objective: To investigate the usefulness, reliability, quality, and content of Portuguese-language YouTube videos on COVID-19. Material and Methods: Three keywords selected on Google Trends were searched on YouTube, and the 60 first videos listed with each term were analyzed. Two calibrated researchers evaluated the reliability (DISCERN Modified Scale), the quality (Global Quality Score - GQS), and the usefulness of videos for the users (COVID-19 Specific Score - CSS). The number of views, likes, and engagement were also analyzed. The data were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation (α=5%). Results: 59 videos were included. The average scores of quality, reliability, and usefulness were 3.0 (±1.1), 3.2 (± 0.8), and 1.5 (± 0.9), respectively. Two-thirds of the videos (64.4%) had low/moderate quality, and the majority (76.2%) were about signs and symptoms. The numbers of views (p=0.005), likes (p=0.006), and engagement (p=0.014) were significantly higher in moderate/good quality videos. The number of comments (p=0.007), duration of videos (p=0.004), and the DISCERN score (p<0.001) were significantly higher in videos made by health professionals. The general quality of the videos was positively correlated to the CSS scores, number of views, likes, and engagement (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most videos had moderate quality and reliability and low usefulness for the users.

Factors Associated with Hyposalivation in Brazilian Adults

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the occurrence of hyposalivation in Brazilian adults and its association with individual determinants, such as the use of medications, systemic conditions, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 402 adults was developed. Information was collected on sociodemographic and general health characteristics, and sialometry was performed with stimulated salivary flow. It indicated low salivary flow when ≤ 0.7 mL/min. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using a decision tree (p<0.05). Results: The sample was comprised predominantly of women (68.2%) aged ≤ 29 years (25.4%). Most participants did not use medication (56.7%). Among systemic diseases, the most cited was hypertension (25.1%). More than a third of the participants presented hyposalivation (40.3%), being associated with the following variables: age between 50 to 59 years (p=0.011), female sex (p<0.001), menopause (p=0.001), use of alcohol (p=0.033), systemic disease (p=0.002) and medication use (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to sex (p<0.001) and hypertension (p=0.005), an association was also found between hyposalivation and diabetes (p=0.014). Conclusion: Factors associated with hyposalivation in adults were sex and the presence of hypertension or diabetes.

Clarity of publications on HPV in Instagram profiles of official health agencies in Brazil.

The study analyzed the clarity of publications on human papillomavirus (HPV) in the Instagram profiles of official Brazilian health agencies. An infodemiological study analyzed publications on HPV in the 81 Instagram profiles selected from the Health Ministry, States' Health Departments, and dental councils and associations. The following data were collected: classification of content, type of profiles, type of media, how the content was addressed, number of posts, frequency, likes, comments, viewings, and hashtags, and how the HPV vaccine was addressed. The clarity of the educational publications was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Clear Communication Index (BR-CDC-CCI). Data analysis was performed with Spearman's correlation and the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). A total of 504 publications on HPV were found. The average number of likes was 528.3 (SD = 2388.2) and the average BR-CDC-CCI score was 67.1 (SD = 14.1). The quality and clarity of the information was considered adequate (BR-CDC-CCI score ≥ 90) in 6.9% of the publications. A weak positive correlation was found between the number of likes and both the BR-CDC-CCI score (r = 0.195) and number of posts (r = 0.124). Publications from the Health Ministry had a significantly higher BR-CDC-CCI score (72.9) compared to the other profiles analyzed (p = 0.01). Most publications concerned government actions, had low engagement, and written educational information was of low clarity and quality. However, the effort to reach the population was evident, with an increase in publications over the years.

Predictors associated with malocclusion in children with and without sleep disorders: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors of malocclusion in Brazilian schoolchildren eight to ten years of age based on a causal directed acyclic graph model. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. Parents/guardians provided information on sleep disorders of the child (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) and family characteristics (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale). The diagnosis of malocclusion was performed by four trained examiners using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Control variables were selected using a directed acyclic graph. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The following variables were associated with malocclusion in the final model: sleep disorders (OR = 2.61; 95%CI: 2.43-2.86), mouth breathing (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.99), non-nutritive sucking habits (OR = 2.45; 95%CI: 2.37-4.85), and obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02-2.33). Sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning, and premature tooth loss did not remain associated with malocclusion. Sleep disorders, mouth breathing, sucking habits, and obesity are predictors of malocclusion in schoolchildren eight to ten years of age.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) for use on Brazilian adolescents.

The present study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) for native Brazilian Portuguese-speaking adolescents (DHLI-BrA). Cross-cultural adaptation consisted of the following steps: translation, assessment, and adjustments by the expert committee to ensure cultural equivalence; back-translation, and synthesis of back-translations. Cognitive testing was then performed in a pretest with adolescents using cognitive interviews with probing questions on the item's understanding interpretation and response options. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega were used to estimate the instrument's reliability. Forty-two Brazilian adolescents participated in the study (mean age: 16.0 ± 2.0 years; range: 13 to 19 years). Items that were difficult to understand were adapted to the context of Brazilian adolescents. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega for the 21 items of the DHLI-BrA were, respectively, 0.79 and 0.80. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales of the self-report instrument was 0.53-0.79 (range), demonstrating good reliability in the total instrument and moderate reliability in the subscales. This study provides the cross-cultural adapted version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which is an instrument for measuring digital Health literacy, for use in Brazilian adolescents (DHLI-BrA).

Seeking treatment for traumatic dental injuries in schoolchildren: A multilevel analysis.

To investigate individual and contextual factors associated with seeking treatment for traumatic dental injuries. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 pairs of guardians and children. Guardians answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, seeking treatment for a tooth injury in the child, and the Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The prevalence of seeking treatment for traumatic dental injury was 44.7%. Sociodemographic variables associated were white skin of the child (PR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.08-1.76), mother's age older than 35 years (PR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.50-1.90), married parents (PR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.70-2.23), guardians with more than eight years of schooling (PR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.76-2.23), with adequate oral health literacy (PR = 3.33; 95% CI: 3.01-3.62) and the daily use of electronic devices by the child (PR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02-1.50). On the contextual level, attending a private school (PR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.02-3.05) and the number of primary care units with oral health teams in the school district (PR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.12-2.38) remained associated. Among the children who suffered TDI, adequate oral health literacy on the part of the parents stood out among the factors associated with seeking treatment.

The effect of sleep disorders, school jet lag, and anxiety in students 8-10 years of age on traumatic dental injuries.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) constitute a public health problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sleep disorders, school jet lag, and anxiety are associated with TDI in schoolchildren 8-10 years of age. METHODS: An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 pairs of parents/guardians and children enrolled in public and private schools. The parents/guardians answered a socioeconomic questionnaire, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, Circadian Energy Scale, and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Four examiners underwent calibration exercises for the diagnosis of TDI (K > 0.80) using the criteria proposed by Andreasen (2007). A directed acyclic graph was used for the formulation of the theoretical model and statistical adjustments. Unadjusted and adjusted robust binary logistic regression analyses were performed (α = 5%). RESULTS: The prevalence of TDI was 16.2%. The following variables remained associated with the outcome in the final model: family income less than or equal to the minimum monthly wage (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.09-2.88; p = .02), child's height >137.6 cm (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.06-2.64; p = .02), the occurrence of school jet lag (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.27-3.53; p = .004), anxiety (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.04-3.00; p = .04) and sleep disorders (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.38-1.93; p = .05). CONCLUSION: Children from families with a lower income, taller children, those with school jet lag, those with anxiety and those with sleep disorders had a greater occurrence of TDI.

Seeking treatment for traumatic dental injuries in schoolchildren: A multilevel analysis

ABSTRACT To investigate individual and contextual factors associated with seeking treatment for traumatic dental injuries. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 pairs of guardians and children. Guardians answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, seeking treatment for a tooth injury in the child, and the Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The prevalence of seeking treatment for traumatic dental injury was 44.7%. Sociodemographic variables associated were white skin of the child (PR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.08-1.76), mother's age older than 35 years (PR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.50-1.90), married parents (PR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.70-2.23), guardians with more than eight years of schooling (PR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.76-2.23), with adequate oral health literacy (PR = 3.33; 95% CI: 3.01-3.62) and the daily use of electronic devices by the child (PR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02-1.50). On the contextual level, attending a private school (PR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.02-3.05) and the number of primary care units with oral health teams in the school district (PR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.12-2.38) remained associated. Among the children who suffered TDI, adequate oral health literacy on the part of the parents stood out among the factors associated with seeking treatment.

Resumo Investigar fatores individuais e contextuais associados à busca de tratamento para lesões dentárias traumáticas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 739 pares de responsáveis e crianças. Os responsáveis responderam a um questionário abordando características sociodemográficas, busca por tratamento para traumatismo dentário na criança e o Questionário de alfabetização em saúde bucal para adulto. Análise descritiva e análise de regressão de Poisson multinível não ajustada e ajustada (p<0,05) foram realizadas. A prevalência de busca de tratamento para lesão dentária traumática foi de 44,7%. As variáveis sociodemográficas associadas foram a pele branca da criança (RP = 1,30; IC 95%: 1,08-1,76), idade da mãe maior que 35 anos (RP = 1,70; IC 95%: 1,50-1,90), os responsáveis casados (RP = 1,93; IC 95%: 1,70-2,23), com mais de oito anos de estudo (RP = 2,00; IC 95%: 1,76-2,23), com alfabetização adequada em saúde bucal (RP = 2,00; IC 95%: 1,76-2,23) e uso diário de dispositivos eletrônicos pela criança (RP = 1,26; IC 95%: 1,02-1,50). No nível contextual, frequentar uma escola particular (PR = 1,77; IC 95%: 1,02-3,05) e a quantidade de unidades básicas de saúde com equipes de saúde bucal no distrito sanitário da escola (PR = 1,78; IC 95%: 1,12-2,38) permaneceram associados. Entre as crianças que sofreram TDI, a alfabetização em saúde bucal adequada dos pais foi um fator que se destacou na busca por tratamento.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) for use on Brazilian adolescents

Abstract The present study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) for native Brazilian Portuguese-speaking adolescents (DHLI-BrA). Cross-cultural adaptation consisted of the following steps: translation, assessment, and adjustments by the expert committee to ensure cultural equivalence; back-translation, and synthesis of back-translations. Cognitive testing was then performed in a pretest with adolescents using cognitive interviews with probing questions on the item's understanding interpretation and response options. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega were used to estimate the instrument's reliability. Forty-two Brazilian adolescents participated in the study (mean age: 16.0 ± 2.0 years; range: 13 to 19 years). Items that were difficult to understand were adapted to the context of Brazilian adolescents. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega for the 21 items of the DHLI-BrA were, respectively, 0.79 and 0.80. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales of the self-report instrument was 0.53-0.79 (range), demonstrating good reliability in the total instrument and moderate reliability in the subscales. This study provides the cross-cultural adapted version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which is an instrument for measuring digital Health literacy, for use in Brazilian adolescents (DHLI-BrA).

Resumo O estudo teve o objetivo de adaptar transculturalmente o Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) para adolescentes nativos do idioma português do Brasil (DHLI-BrA). O estudo de adaptação transcultural consistiu nas seguintes etapas: tradução, avaliação e adequação de equivalência cultural da tradução por comitê de especialistas; retrotradução e síntese das retrotraduções. Foi realizada a testagem cognitiva em pré-teste com adolescentes, utilizando-se entrevistas cognitivas com perguntas de sondagem sobre a compreensão e interpretação dos itens e opções de resposta. O alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald's foram utilizados para estimar a confiabilidade do instrumento. Participaram do pré-teste 42 adolescentes brasileiros com média de idade de 16,0 ± 2,0 (variação de 13-19) anos. Os itens com dificuldade de compreensão foram adaptados ao contexto dos adolescentes brasileiros. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e o ômega de McDonald's, para os 21 itens do DHLI-BrA foi respectivamente, 0,79 e 0,80. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para as subescalas do instrumento de autorrelato foi de 0,53-0,79 (variação), demonstrando boa confiabilidade no instrumento total e confiabilidade moderada nas subescalas. Este estudo fornece a versão adaptada transculturalmente do Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), um instrumento de mensuração do letramento digital em saúde, para utilização em adolescentes brasileiros (DHLI-BrA).

Use of Photobiomodulation to Reduce Postoperative Pain, Edema, and Trismus After Third Molar Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: Third molar extraction can cause surgical trauma, which is associated with pain, edema, trismus, and functional limitations. The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) following the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in 10 databases from inception up to October 2021 and the grey literature, with no restrictions regarding language or year of publication. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) were included. Studies that were not RCTs were excluded. Reviewers independently analyzed titles and abstracts, followed by full-text analysis. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The exposure variable was the use of PBM and the outcomes were pain, edema, and trismus. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The estimate was calculated considering standardized mean differences (SMD) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) obtained for each outcome on the first, second, third and seventh postoperative days. The level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: The search resulted in the 3,324 records. Thirty-three RCTs were included in the systematic review and 23 of these were included in the meta-analyses. The studies involved a total of 1,347 participants (56.6% female and 43.4% male) between 16 and 44 years of age. A greater reduction in pain was found in the PBM group compared to the control group on the third postoperative day (SMD: -1.09; 95% CI: -1.63; -0.55; P < .001; low certainty). Edema was discretely lower in the PBM group on the second postoperative day (SMD: -0.61; 95% CI: -1.09; -0.13; P < .001; low certainty) and trismus was discretely lower in the PBM group on the seventh postoperative day (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.00; 0.96; P < .001; very low certainty). CONCLUSION: The evidence of the effect of PBM regarding the control of pain, edema, and trismus following third molar extractions is low or very low.

Is oral health literacy associated with conceptions of care and behavior related to the prevention of COVID-19?

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of oral health literacy (OHL) on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19. The sample came from two preliminary cross-sectional studies that determined the level of OHL of parents/guardians of six-to-12-year-old children in two major Brazilian cities (Curitiba and Belo Horizonte). Functional OHL was measured using the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) and the Health Literacy Dental Scale (HeLD-14) for the evaluation of interactive OHL. Participants were recruited through e-mail, social media, and telephone contact. The questionnaire on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19 was created based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization. Two hundred nineteen individuals participated in the study. There was no significant difference in socioeconomic and demographic variables and in the medians of BREALD and HeLD-14 between the two cities (P>0.05). Higher levels of functional OHL were associated with an appropriate conception that individual care affects collective care (P=0.038), but with an inappropriate conception of seeking medical assistance in cases of mild symptoms (P=0.030). Higher levels of interactive OHL were related to social distancing behavior in the city of Curitiba (P=0.049) and in the overall sample (P=0.040). It is concluded that functional OHL was associated with two of the investigated conceptions about COVID-19, while interactive OHL was associated with social distancing behavior. These data may suggest that different dimensions of the OHL can have an impact on different aspects of coping with the pandemic.

Use of anxiolytics/antidepressants among university students in the pre-vaccine period of the COVID-19 pandemic / Uso de ansiolíticos/antidepresivos por estudiantes universitarios en el periodo prevacuna en la pandemia COVID-19 / Uso de ansiolíticos/antidepressivos por estudantes universitários em período pré-vacina na pandemia da COVID-19

The present study assessed the prevalence of the use of anxiolytics/antidepressants and associated factors among university students in the pre-vaccine period of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 983 students of public and private universities in Brazil. Data were collected between September and December 2020 with the aid of a questionnaire available on the Survey Monkey® platform addressing socioeconomic data, self-rated health, the use of anxiolytics/antidepressants, history of depression, psychological/psychiatric treatment and aspects of the undergraduate course. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance (α= 5%). The prevalence of anxiolytics/antidepressants use was 15.7%. The use of anxiolytics/antidepressants was associated with the female sex (PR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.03-2.26), dissatisfaction with one's overall health (PR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.08-1.82), undergoing psychological/psychiatric treatment (PR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.91-4.22) and a medical diagnosis of depression (PR = 3.44; 95% CI: 2.52-4.70). The female sex, dissatisfaction with one's own overall health status, undergoing psychological/psychiatric treatment and a medical diagnosis of depression exerted an influence onthe use of anxiolytics/antidepressants by undergraduate university students during the COVID-19 pandemic (AU).

El presente estudio evaluó la prevalencia del uso de ansiolíticos/antidepresivos y factores asociados entre estudiantes universitarios en el período previo a la vacunación de la pandemia COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 983 estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre septiembre y diciembre de 2020 con la ayuda de un cuestionario disponible en la plataforma Survey Monkey® que aborda datos socioeconómicos, salud autoevaluada, uso de ansiolíticos/antidepresivos, antecedentes de depresión, tratamiento psicológico/psiquiátrico y aspectos de la carrera universitaria. curso. El análisis estadístico implicó estadística descriptiva y regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta (α= 5%). La prevalencia del uso de ansiolíticos/antidepresivos fue del 15,7%. El uso de ansiolíticos/antidepresivos se asoció con el sexo femenino (RP = 1,53; IC 95%: 1,03-2,26), insatisfacción con la salud general (RP = 1,40; IC 95%: 1,08-1,82), estar sometido a tratamiento psicológico/psiquiátrico (RP = 2,85; IC 95%: 1,91-4,22) y diagnóstico médico de depresión (RP = 3,44; IC 95%: 2,52-4,70). El sexo femenino, la insatisfacción con el propio estado de salud general, el tratamiento psicológico/psiquiátrico y el diagnóstico médico de depresión influyeron en el uso de ansiolíticos/antidepresivos por parte de estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19 (AU).

O presente estudo avaliou a prevalência do uso de ansiolíticos/antidepressivos e fatores associados entre estudantes universitários no período pré-vacinal da pandemia de COVID-19. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 983 estudantes de universidades públicas e privadas do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro e dezembro de 2020 com auxílio de questionário disponível na plataforma Survey Monkey® abordando dados socioeconômicos, autoavaliação de saúde, uso de ansiolíticos/antidepressivos, histórico de depressão, tratamento psicológico/psiquiátrico e aspectos da graduação curso. A análise estatística envolveu estatísticadescritiva e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta (α= 5%). A prevalência de uso de ansiolíticos/antidepressivos foi de 15,7%. O uso de ansiolíticos/antidepressivos esteve associado ao sexo feminino (RP = 1,53; IC 95%: 1,03-2,26), insatisfação com asaúde geral (RP = 1,40; IC 95%: 1,08-1,82), estar em tratamento psicológico/psiquiátrico (RP = 2,85; IC 95%: 1,91-4,22) e diagnóstico médico de depressão (RP = 3,44; IC 95%: 2,52-4,70). O sexo feminino, a insatisfação com o próprio estado geral de saúde, a realização de tratamento psicológico/psiquiátrico e o diagnóstico médico de depressão exerceram influência no uso de ansiolíticos/antidepressivos por estudantes universitários de graduação durante a pandemia de COVID-19 (AU).

Structuring of the effects of oral health literacy on dental caries in 12-year-old adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the pathways by which oral health literacy is associated with dental caries in adolescents, assessing direct and indirect effects of family cohesion and socioeconomic status. METHODS: A population-based, representative cross-sectional study was conducted with 740 12-year-old adolescents in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. Adolescents answered validated questionnaires addressing family cohesion and oral health literacy. Dental caries was diagnosed using Nyvad criteria. Two dentists underwent training exercises for the diagnosis and administration of the questionnaires (k > 0.80). Descriptive analysis was followed by the use of structural equation modelling to determine direct and indirect associations between the variables incorporated into the theoretical model of the study (95% CI). RESULTS: Oral health literacy (standardized coefficient: -3.472, p < .01) and mother's schooling (standardized coefficient: -0.405, p < .01) were directly associated with dental caries, whereas family cohesion and socioeconomic status exerted an indirect effect on the occurrence of dental caries in the adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic factors, family characteristics and oral health literary are associated with dental caries in 12-year-old adolescents.

Impact of oral health literacy and psychoactive substances on tooth loss in adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between tooth loss, and oral health literacy, the use of multiple psychoactive substances, and the reason for the last dental appointment in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 746 adolescents aged 15-19 years in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. The adolescents answered the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30), the alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test, and an oral health questionnaire from the National Oral Health Survey. The adolescents were then examined by two examiners who had undergone training and calibration exercises for the diagnosis of tooth loss due to caries (K > 0.80). Associations between variables were investigated using robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The prevalence of tooth loss was 17.4%. Oral health literacy (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89-0.97) was inversely associated with tooth loss, while multiple psychoactive substance use (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09-3.69) and last dental visit for treatment/symptoms (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.73-5.36) were directly associated with tooth loss. Oral health literacy, multiple psychoactive substance use, and reason for last dental appointment exerted an influence on tooth loss among adolescents.

Influence of the practice of sports, sleep disorders, and habits on probable sleep bruxism in children with mixed dentition.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between sleep disorders and probable sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren in Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the sleep disturbance scale for children, and the Circadian Energy Scale. Parafunctional habits were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening. Multivariate logistic regression was performed (α = 5%), and a directed acyclic graph was used in the statistical model. RESULTS: The prevalence of probable SB was 9.1% and 58.6% of the children had sleep disorders. In the final model, having unmarried parents/guardians (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.07-3.65), exhibiting parafunctional habits (OR = 2.02; CI: 1.01-4.06), not practicing sports (OR = 1.92; CI: 1.04-3.54), sleep-wake transition disorders (SWTD) (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.12-3.62), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (OR = 2.17; 95%CI: 1.11-4.29) were significant associated with probable SB. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of probable sleep bruxism was influenced by the marital status of the parents/guardians, parafunctional habits, the non-practice of sports, and sleep disturbance (SWTD and EDS). This research contributes to the planning of public policies that include educational regimens at school to prevent sleep disorders and favor the reduction in sleep bruxism prevalence.

Clarity of publications on HPV in Instagram profiles of official health agencies in Brazil

Abstract The study analyzed the clarity of publications on human papillomavirus (HPV) in the Instagram profiles of official Brazilian health agencies. An infodemiological study analyzed publications on HPV in the 81 Instagram profiles selected from the Health Ministry, States' Health Departments, and dental councils and associations. The following data were collected: classification of content, type of profiles, type of media, how the content was addressed, number of posts, frequency, likes, comments, viewings, and hashtags, and how the HPV vaccine was addressed. The clarity of the educational publications was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Clear Communication Index (BR-CDC-CCI). Data analysis was performed with Spearman's correlation and the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). A total of 504 publications on HPV were found. The average number of likes was 528.3 (SD = 2388.2) and the average BR-CDC-CCI score was 67.1 (SD = 14.1). The quality and clarity of the information was considered adequate (BR-CDC-CCI score ≥ 90) in 6.9% of the publications. A weak positive correlation was found between the number of likes and both the BR-CDC-CCI score (r = 0.195) and number of posts (r = 0.124). Publications from the Health Ministry had a significantly higher BR-CDC-CCI score (72.9) compared to the other profiles analyzed (p = 0.01). Most publications concerned government actions, had low engagement, and written educational information was of low clarity and quality. However, the effort to reach the population was evident, with an increase in publications over the years.

Predictors associated with malocclusion in children with and without sleep disorders: a cross-sectional study

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors of malocclusion in Brazilian schoolchildren eight to ten years of age based on a causal directed acyclic graph model. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. Parents/guardians provided information on sleep disorders of the child (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) and family characteristics (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale). The diagnosis of malocclusion was performed by four trained examiners using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Control variables were selected using a directed acyclic graph. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The following variables were associated with malocclusion in the final model: sleep disorders (OR = 2.61; 95%CI: 2.43-2.86), mouth breathing (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.99), non-nutritive sucking habits (OR = 2.45; 95%CI: 2.37-4.85), and obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02-2.33). Sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning, and premature tooth loss did not remain associated with malocclusion. Sleep disorders, mouth breathing, sucking habits, and obesity are predictors of malocclusion in schoolchildren eight to ten years of age.

Evaluation of the association between self-reported sleep bruxism and chronotype and sleep quality among dental students / Avaliação da associação entre cronotipo, qualidade do sono e autorrelato de bruxismo do sono entre estudantes universitários de Odontologia

ABSTRACT Background Sleep bruxism (BS) is defined as involuntary jaw movements characterized by grinding and clenching teeth. Objective To verify the association between chronotype, sleep quality, and self-reporting of BS in dental students. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 214 undergraduate dental students at a public university in northeast Brazil. The participants answered the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for the identification of chronotype and another questionnaire regarding daily aspects to collect information about sleep quality, self-reported sleep bruxism, the use of sleeping pills, snoring, concentration during daily activities and energy upon waking. Results The prevalence of self-reported sleep bruxism was 11.0%. In the final model, the eveningness chronotype (OR = 23.00; 95% CI: 2.36-223.84, p = 0.007), habitual snoring (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.31-7.39, p = 0.01) and low energy upon waking in the morning (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.96-5.58, p = 0.040) were associated with self-reported sleep bruxism. Conclusion The evening chronotype, presence of snoring, and low energy when waking up in the morning influenced self-reporting of sleep bruxism among undergraduate dental students.

RESUMO Introdução O bruxismo do sono (BS) é definido como movimentos involuntários da mandíbula caracterizados por ranger e apertar os dentes. Objetivo Verificar se o cronotipo e a qualidade do sono estão associados ao autorrelato de BS em graduandos de Odontologia. Método Um estudo transversal com 214 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Nordeste do Brasil. Os participantes responderam ao Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire para identificar os cronotipos e outro questionário sobre aspectos diários em que foram coletadas informações sobre qualidade do sono, autorrelato de bruxismo do sono, uso de pílulas para dormir, ronco, concentração nas atividades diárias, energia ao acordar. Resultados A prevalência de autorrelato do bruxismo do sono foi de 11,0%. No modelo final, o cronotipo noturno (OR = 23,00; 95% IC: 2.36-223.84, p = 0,007), o hábito de roncar (OR = 3,12; 95% IC: 1.31-7.39, p = 0,01) e o baixo nível de energia ao acordar pela manhã (OR = 2,37; 95% IC: 1.96-5.58, p = 0,04) estiveram associados com o autorrelato de BS. Conclusão O cronotipo noturno, a presença do ronco e a baixa energia ao se levantar pela manhã influenciaram o autorrelato de bruxismo do sono entre os estudantes de graduação em Odontologia.

Is oral health literacy associated with conceptions of care and behavior related to the prevention of COVID-19?

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of oral health literacy (OHL) on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19. The sample came from two preliminary cross-sectional studies that determined the level of OHL of parents/guardians of six-to-12-year-old children in two major Brazilian cities (Curitiba and Belo Horizonte). Functional OHL was measured using the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) and the Health Literacy Dental Scale (HeLD-14) for the evaluation of interactive OHL. Participants were recruited through e-mail, social media, and telephone contact. The questionnaire on conceptions of care and behaviors related to COVID-19 was created based on the guidelines of the World Health Organization. Two hundred nineteen individuals participated in the study. There was no significant difference in socioeconomic and demographic variables and in the medians of BREALD and HeLD-14 between the two cities (P>0.05). Higher levels of functional OHL were associated with an appropriate conception that individual care affects collective care (P=0.038), but with an inappropriate conception of seeking medical assistance in cases of mild symptoms (P=0.030). Higher levels of interactive OHL were related to social distancing behavior in the city of Curitiba (P=0.049) and in the overall sample (P=0.040). It is concluded that functional OHL was associated with two of the investigated conceptions about COVID-19, while interactive OHL was associated with social distancing behavior. These data may suggest that different dimensions of the OHL can have an impact on different aspects of coping with the pandemic.